Horn.



!. BUCKMAN.

HORN.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 1. 1914.

Patentd July 16, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

THE Norzms PETERS ca. PNOTfi-LITMD WASHINGTON, D. C.

l. BUCKMAN.

HORN.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 1 1914.

5 ms PETERS m. FNDNMJTNLL, WASHING mu. 0. c.

UNITED STATES PATEN orron;

IGNATUS BUCKMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO LEONYE V. HOWARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

norm.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 16, 1918.

Application filed October 1, 1914. Serial No. 864,384.

1T0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, IGNATUS Bnciunxx,

a citizen ofthe United States of America,

ing is a specification.

This invention relates bro adly to signaling or alarm creating devices, and more particularly aims to provide a device of this classcharacterized by the essential combination of vibrata'ble diaphragm, which when vibrated is capacitated forthe production of sound waves, an actuator, or impactmenr her, for causing vibrations of the diaphragm, a gear-train for directly operating the actuator, and a manually operable driving means for the gear-train. f

An important object of the invention is to provide an embodiment thereof which, while employable in connection with land vehicles, air and water craft, and in factories and other fixed locations, is especially valuable in connection with. the operation of automobiles and in those other situations where manual operation of the, alarm is desirable at unexpected times and for prolonged intervals and in the presence of other mechanisms which must also always be. under the control of a single operator, as a chaufi'eur or the like. I

The invention has for. one of its objects to provide a simple, ellicient, inexpensive, easily attachable and compact alarm device, particularly calculated to obviate the necessity for those refinements of construction of its general type.

and adjustment, as well as to obviate difficulties of assembly and general inaccessibility for repairs, usually found in devices, and especially n manually operable dev ces,

Another important object of the invention is to disclose inconnecti'on with the present embodiment 7 type of thrust-controlled v[actuator for thegeantrain aforesaid, which shall present marked advantages over the form of alternative actuator which would probably fromtheyery presence of sa d gear-train mostobviously suggest itself, to-

wit, a rack.

Otherobjects and ainis'iof the invention more or less broad than those stated above,

together with theadvantages inherent, will be inpart obvious and" in p'art'specifically of the arrow 5; and Fig. 6 is, agenerally diagrammatic view, which will be hereinafter referred to in con- 'nection with an analysis of the peculiar employed.

referred to in the course of the following description of the elements, combinations, arrangement of parts, and applications of principle constituting the invention; and the scope, of protectioncontemplated will appear from the claims.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as a part of this specification, and wherein is shown as a preferred form of the invention the embodiment thereof above mentioned:

Figure 1 1s a perspective view of said em bodiment, certain of the parts being shown driving means as at present preferred;

Fig. 4 is a 'view in perspective, partially broken away, and illustrating the disclosure of Fig 1 asit would be viewed if observed in the direction of the arrow 4 and if the casing 47 were removed;

F ig, 5 is a view similar to Fig. akbut illustrating the disclosure of said Fig. 1 as it would be viewed if observed in the direction function of the various pawls 37, 3S and 39 relatively of the ratchet 27.

ings. V

As will be understood, the invention may be embodied in various specific and differ ing forms; for lnstance, I prefer to employ a. horn 7, in connection, therewith, though any form of a resonant amplifier may be As shown best in' Fig. 2,. the narrow or'inner end ofthe horn 7- ismount ed about "anannularflange 8 that surrounds a central opening 9 punched ont from the dish 10, Flange 8, it will be seen, isprefei ably flared into parallelism with the sidewall of the horn and this serves tofanchor the latter firmly in position. v r The bed-plate 11 ,(which could, perhaps most economically "be die-cast) serves a variety of functions. First, it"ceoperates with dish l0'tofclamp'therebetween, as by n ieans of thebolts 12, a diaphragm l i; the

the diaphragm.

bed-plate and certain of said bolts in turn cooperaterigidly to attach a supporting bracket 14. I Also, this bed-plate carries two sets of companion lugs 15 and 16, each set serving to constitute anchorages upon which-- may be mounted one of a pair of parallel wall-members '17 1 and 18, -these wall-members here serving to support all operating parts of the alarm-creatingelements except Thebed-plate is provided with an opening 19, located between the lugs and of 'suflicient dimensions to permit the 'diafmragn-aetuator, here the cam 20,'to en'- gagehvith a button 21- o'r:equivalent means side mounti'n of wall-member 17 ispar ticularly valua le from the 's'tandpo'ints of convenience, of assembly and disassembly an'd'acc'essbility for 'repalrs, as hereinafter more in detail pointed out.

When thus positioned, these wall-members serve to support the terminally j ournaled shafts 22,23,2 1 and 25. Shaft 22 jfixedl'y car- 'ri'es thereon gear 26 and a ratchet 27. Shaft 23 fixedly carriesthereon a pinion 28, meshing' as indicated in Fig. 2 (pinion 28 not beingdisclosed in'Fig. 1) with gear 26; said shaft 23 fixedly carryingalso a gear 29. Shaft 24: 'fixedly carries thereon a pinion '30, meshing with gear 29; said shaft'24e fixedly carrying also a 'g'earBl. And shaft 25 carries fixedly thereon apinion'32, meshing as indicated in Fig. 2 (pinion 82"not being disclosedin Fig. 1) with gear 31;"said ishaftf2 5 fixedly arrying also a cam 20.

As indicated by the arcuat'e arrows shown in F 2, it will be seen that when the ratchet 27 is driven in a cloclnvise' direction, cam-20 is driven in an anticlockwise direction; from which fact, and from an'e'xamination if the oblique terminal face carried b ythe'free .en'd of button 21, itwill follow that'when ratchet 27 is .driven as afore'saichthe' peripheral conformations of the cam will causedisplacements of the dia- "phragmand permit free returns of the'latter,

th'e"rapidityiof succession with reference to these alternate displacements andreturns being governedby'the number of said conformations which are forced past said button within a 'gi've'i'i interval of time. 1 It will 'be'seen, 'to'o, that'i-f' this rapidity of succession be equal to: a certain minimum, the waves'fthus generated 'byth'e' vibratory movements"of thediaph'ragm will generate an "alarm h'a'vin 0F a definite and continuousnot'e. Before ta lnng up a descriptlon of the driving-means *for' the gear-train, which driving-means, when taken in connection with ratchet may indeed be said to constitute the most important and novel feature of the present embodiment, an examination of the various figures will disclose that, of

the shafts 22, 23, 24 and 25, the first three are provided with opposite terminal portions adapted to be journaled, preferably with merely aloose ri'ni-ning fit, within holes bored transversely of the wall members 17 and 18.

Shaft 25, however, at least so far as the disclosure of this embodiment of the invention is concerned, while provided with opposit'e terminal portions similar to those of the first three shafts mentioned except that theseterminal' portions of said shaft 25 are adapted to project a suitabledistance beyond the outer surfaces of wall members 17 and '18, is preferably journaledwithin a yielding v bearingestablished partially by the slots 33 (see Figs. at an'd'5), the "width of each of these slots being preferablyjust'equal to the diameter of the'journal holes for shafts 2'2,

23 and 24, said yielding bearing being furtherestablished by an associated leaf-spring "3 1. The reason for this is-t'o admit,'if 'de sired, of a slight yielding or yibratability during working 'on'the part of the cam'20; in the firstpla'ce, because it is generally ac 'cepted in theart-that for the best-results it isdesirablethat the diaphragm during ac- ,tuation' shall have vibrations of sufficient amplitude to give forth a: loud tone and yet shall at the same time have present a latent insurance available against the possibility of friction between the button a n'd'the'cam becoming'so great as to requlre more than a convenient amountof power for driving said cam; and inthe second place, because such 7 ia or an equivalent mounting for shaft 25 is adapted tO'TB'DClGI' lESS' important those minute adj ustments, and means of adj ustments,

which otherwisev would berdesigned so exactly to set the center of cam 20 with refere'nce to the tip' ofbu'tton 21 that a very precise relation is set up'between' the'two, at least initially' 'andbefore one or the other.

has'become sufficiently worn to throw out the accuracy of such adjustments.

Wall-members 17 and 18, in additioirto the j oiirn'alin'g accommodations for the four shafts aforesaid, are each provided with a pair of elongated slots,'tl re presence of which are merely indicated in Fig.1. WVith the wall-members properly mounted upon their supporting lugs,f'these four 'slotsarrange thems'elyes Into two lior zontally disposed sets of opposed' slots whichiare alinedparallel withthe said four shafts. Tli'esesets of slots cooperate with four terminal tongues 35" (but two of which are shown in Fig. 1)

which are 'integrallycarried by'struts It is these struts "which, by means of the transverse preferably vertically .alined openings formed'therein as shown, guidean actuating the struts of any of the pawls mentioned in the next following paragraph.

The lower portion of this rod 36, as perhaps best shown in Fig. 3', is centrally and longitudinally slotted so as to establish a bifurcation within which are 'pivotally mounted any desired plurality of pawls adapted to cooperate with the ratchet 27. In the present instance, three of these pawls are disclosed as being'present; although in practice it has been found that the presence merely of two of such pawls renders the combination exceedingly efiicient for the attainment of a properly prolonged warning during a single downward and comparatively short thrust of the "rod 36. These three pawls may be respectively numbered, for futur reference, 37, 3S and 39. Preferably associated with each pawl is a stop-pin 40. Pawls 37, 38 and 39 are spring-urged against their respective stop-pins'by means of leafsprings -41, 42 and 43.

Detachably connected to the upper terminus of rod 36 is an auxiliary portion 36; this auxiliary portion carrying a finger piece or operating-plate-52.

Bow-spring lhero serves to return rod 36 to its normal elevated position-after each depression thereof. this spring at one terminus being wound about astud 45 extended from theinner surface of wall-member 18 and at its other terminus being wound about a stud 4:6 offset from the rod.

- The casing 47, preferably being formed as shown in broken lines in Fig. 1, is provided with a suitable squared opening in the curvilinear side-wall thereof through which upwardly projects rod 36; and said casing, in the rim portion'thereof which surrounds its mouth, is apertured so that the screws 48 (see Fig. '1) may cooperate with the tapped recesses 49' formed in bed-plate 11 (see 'Fig. 2).

that ateach thrust ofth'e rod, 36', must first overcome the inertial condition of the mechanism, is' so disposed normally that its operating tip is in engagement with a ratchet tooth located just below the'centerof the ratchet. thatis to say, if a lineiperpendicu- :lar to the line of'thrustof'rod -36bejdrawn j the tip of p'awl39 is located slightly below this perpei'idicula'r line. An analysis of Fig.

6 and an 'examination of' its various delineato pass througliithe center of said ratchet,

ti'ons is now in order} Let the line T represent the directionof thrust' 36L Itvwill be seen that while the tip of pawl 39 is advanci ng to the location 39, at which location the stop-pin associated with said pawl will cause the same to leave engagement with the ratchet, the distance traveled by the rod is only equal to the length of the line A; yet the distance simultaneously traveled by the ratchet tooth aforesaid is seen to be not only represented by the chord B, which chord, by the hypotenuse rule, is considerably longer than the line A, but the distance lastmentioned is also represented by the are C subtending said chord, which are in turn is considerably longer than the chord itself.

The result is that a comparatively short thrust'of rod 36 is effective to impart to the ratchet a sufficient peripheral velocity to overcome, not only its inertia and the inertia of its associated members, but the frictional conditions associated therewith. It will be noted from Fig. 6 that according to the design of the present embodiment,when tooth 39 has reached the location 39, the tooth 38 has just entered location 38, that is, is entering into engagement with ratchet 27. This last-mentioned engagement takes place after the ratchet and its driving parts are under the impetus of the momentum'es- 'tablished by'pawl 39, and so the load submitted to pawl 38 is comparatively small. \Vhile pawl 38 is advancing from the loca 'tion 38 to the location 39, at which location the stop-pin associated with said pawl will cause the same to leave engagement with the ratchet, the distance traveled by the rod is only equal to the length of the line A: yet the distance simultaneously traveled by the ratchet tooth just mentioned 'is seen to be represented bythe chord D,

which chord (although merely equal to the.

length of the line A, if the line F passing from the center of ratchet 27 as aforesaid be in the present embodiment perpendicular tothe line T) is considerably shorter than the arc subtended by said chord and which represents the distance traveled by the pawl.

Let the line A be transferred in location totheposition A.,let the curvilinear distance defined by the are C be represented as .astraight line drawnas line C, and let the curvilinear distance defined by the arc subtended by the chord D be represented also as a straight line in prolongation of line C and drawn-as line D. It will be observed that the line C D now represents'the distance throughwhich in longitudinal travel the rod 36 would be compelled to beadepressedr were the same a rack and were ratchet 9.7 a cooperant'gear, to cause the fractional rotation of cam 20 nowbeing considered; whereas to cause an equal rotation of said cam the present rod 36' is only compelled to be depressed a distance represented by the length of the line AA. The question might arise,-why not just as well have the initially-acting .paw-l,-jthat is, the pawl that OVGICOIUGS .the inertial conditions aforesaid, commence its Work adjacent the location 38, since the hypotenuse rule would enter with :equal force with reference tothe line G? But inv this connection it may be stated that, while it is believed a certain degree Of-efiiciency would be attained also under the circumstances.stated in-the query, the preferableconstruction isthe one illustrated in Figs. 1 to Ginclusive, for the reason that in the latter case-the leaf-spring associated with the initially-acting; pawl 38 subtracts from, rather than adds to, the burdenof' depressing the rod 36, and, because in the latter case the thrust of this pawl 38 is tangentially, rather than centripetally, applied. Of course, it will be understood that the presence; of thethird pawl 37 permits the graphic representation of'the line A A to become prolongedby the'addition thereto of only the line H (equal in lengthto the line A), while the graphic representation of the line C D is prolonged in: greater degree by the addition thereto of the line J -(equal in length to the line D).

It will thus -'be seen that the present embodiment ofthe invention, as compared with an embodiment thereof'including a rack as a substitute for the ,pawls 37, 38 and 39,

casing 47 at such a minimum that the downward thrust of rod 36 shoulduiot exceed the length of the line A A a rack could not be I employedprovided the same selected prolongation ofthe warning'is required; for it is clear;that were a rack employed to this end and yet delimitedin its length of thrust to thevalue'of theline A A, either additional gears would have to be inserted in the train or the'velocity ratios in said train radically rear-ranged- The result of this wouldbe to enlarge beyond desirable limits the dimensions of casing; 47, as well as possibly to increase the friction within the gear-train. Moreover, it has been found in practice that the :efriction: encountered during cooperations between ratchet 27 and the pawls 37, 38.and=39. is ii'egligible whereas the frictionzcr-eated during cooperations between a rackand a cooperant gear is by comparison very high. I v

Another important advantage resldentv 1n the-provision of the type of drii' ingmeans illustrated in Fig.3 is that a readylimeans isprovided for predetermininga warning rod.

which willbe characterized by a note of alternate rising and falling characteristics; for it is obvious that if, longltudinally of rod .36, pawl. 39 is spaced sufficiently ahead of pawl 38, and pawl 38 correspondingly ahead ofpawl 37, there will occur during a single depression of rod 36 at a uniform rate, first, arising characteristic when pawl 39 commences to drive ratchet 27, next a falling characteristic immediately.following I rod.

Before closing this specification, attention is directed to the simplicity of the entire structure of the disclosed embodiment, In

assembling the parts directly or indirectly carried-by lugs -and16, it is a simple matter to mount upon lugs 15 the wall-111cmber 18; then to terminally journal. within wall-member 18 one end of each of. the shafts 23, 2% and then, after sleeving struts 'aboutrod 3G, to insert .a terminal tongue 01103011 strut within the slots formed in said wall-member 18; then to lay wall-member 1'7 over the free termini of saidshafts and the free tongues of said strutsso that the holes and slots formed in said wall-member 17 will engage 'saidishafts and struts; then to insert and tighten thetwo screw-s; then to insert leaf springs (Figs. ,4 and 5) and then to loop one end of bow-spring H about stud 45 and the other end of said spring-aboutstud 46. With. the auxiliary portion 36" of, rod 36 separated, or kept separated, fromthe latter, the-rod is normally depressed suflicien-tly to allow the mouthof casing, 17 tobe passedtransversely of. said The mouth of the casing 15 then 'advanced toward bed-platell to come. lIlt O .contact,therewith, the 7 upper terminus of' v od 36 having inthe meantime been bythe bow-spring ate urged to ride against the in ner surface-of the side-wall of the cas ng. The casing IS then rotated about an imaginary prolongation of the axis of the horn runtilthesquare hole formed in the casing overlies the top: of. rod 36, whereupon the bow-spring willlfcause the said rod topass transversely through said ;opening and -.protrude normally therea'bove.- It is necessary then merelyto insert and tighten the screws- 18 and-connect as shown the IQCl 36 with its auxiliary portion 36-,,

"Inasmuch as many changescould be made in the above construction, and "many apparently widely differing embodiments of my invention could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that ,allmatterconitained in the above de-* scription or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

It is also to be understood that the language used in the following claims is intended to cover the generic and specific features of the invention herein described and all statements of the scope of the invention which as a matter of language might be said to fall therebetween.

Having described this invention what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: p

1. In a mechanical born, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member therefor, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact member, a

plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, said support being spring-pressed to a certain position and having an edge facing the impact member and beyond which the pawl tips project, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said support to bring about, first, a cooperation between one of said pawls and one of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby to rotate the ratchet, and, next, a cooperation between another of said pawls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet, said pawls being urged to project their tips toward said ratchet and farther beyond said edge of the support than the shortest perpendicular distance between a portion of said ratchet and said edge.

2. In a mechanical horn, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member therefor, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact member, a plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, said support being spring-pressed to a certain position, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said support to bring about, first, a cooperation between one of said pawls and one of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby to rotate the ratchet, and, next, a cooperation between another of said pawls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet, said guiding means limiting to a substantially straight line the movement of said support.

3. In a mechanical born, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member there for, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact member, a plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, said support being spring-pressed to a certain position, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said support to bring about, first, the cooperation between one of said pawls and one of the teeth car ried by said ratchet thereby to rotate the ratchet, and, next, a cooperation between another of said pawls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet, said guiding means limiting to a substantially straight line the movement of said support and said straight line being substantially perpendicular to a line passing through the center of the ratchet and the point whereat, with the said support located in its said spring-pressed position, there is initiated the cooperation first abovementioned.

4. In a mechanical horn, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member therefor, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact member, a plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, said support being spring-pressed to a certain position, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said support to bring about, first, a cooperation between one of said pawls and one of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby to 1'0- tate the ratchet, and, next, a cooperation between another of said pawls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet, said guiding means limiting to a substantially straight line the movement of said support; said pawls being spring-urged to project their tips away from said straight line and toward the teeth of said ratchet.

5. In a mechanical born, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member therefor, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact member, a plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, said support being spring-pressed to a certain position, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said support to bring about, first, a cooperation between one of said pawls and one of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby to rotate the ratchet, and, next, a cooperation between another of said pawls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet; said support having associated therewith a bow-spring adapted to press said support to a certain position,

6.'In a mechanical horn, a vibratable diaphragm, a movable impact member therefor, said impact member when moved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm, a ratchet operatively connected with and adapted to drive said impact mem-' her, a rod-like support, a plurality of pawls supported by and longitudinally spaced along said support, said rod-like support being longitudinally movable in a predetermined path whereby said pawls may in predetermined sequence cooperate with said ratchet to drive the latter.

7. In a mechanical horn, a 'vibratable diaphragm, a revoluble' Wheel carrying a plurality of spaced conformations, said conformations When said wheel is revolved being adapted to cause vibrations of said diaphragm,'a ratchet, a gear-train adapted to be driven by the rotation of said ratchet and Copies of this patent may be obtained for adapted to revolve said Wheel, a plurality of pawls, a movable support for said plurality of pawls, and a guiding means for said support, and means adapted during movement of said'support to bring about, first, a cooperation betWeen' one of said pawls and one of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby to rotate the ratchet and, next, a cooperation between another of said paWls and another of the teeth carried by said ratchet thereby further to rotate said ratchet.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

IGNATUS BUCKMAN. In the presence of v ANGUs'rU's M. IIENRY, 'JAs. S. WATSON.

fi've cents each, by addres'sing the Gommissio'neraf Patents; Washington; D. 0. 

